<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) are important greenhouse gases as they have a much greater global warming potential than carbon dioxide. We concentrate on N<sub>2</sub>O as much more N<sub>2</sub>O is emitted from agricultural soils than CH<sub>4</sub>. Nitrous oxide emissions are highly dependent on crop type and locality, with soils under dairy grazing emitting most. Although some radical proposals like moving high N input cropping to drier areas are proposed, many other mitigations alternatives are possible, centred on the more efficient use of fertiliser and organic manure inputs. Other mitigation is possible by appropriate management of tillage, compaction and crop residues. Awareness of the need to align mitigation of gas emissions with leaching losses and other aspects of the 'carbon-nitrogen footprint' are important.</span></p>